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Engine architecture.

Propagation engine design, physics models, and implementation details for the KNOWN simulation platform. This content is intended for technical evaluation.

01

Propagation Engine

The core engine is written in C++ and rendered through OpenGL. It models bodies, frames, propagation, and validation as shared infrastructure. KnownX MPT's mission planning controls sit above this layer. The engine currently supports: • Point-mass N-body gravitational propagation — bodies carry mass, position, and velocity. The engine propagates N-body gravitational attraction with configurable gravity sources and softening radii. • Displacement-aware surface collision — sphere-sphere and sphere-static collisions implemented with CPU displacement map sampling matched to GPU terrain rendering. • Propulsion modelling — commanded thrust with throttle control, specific impulse, propellant mass consumption, and variable mass dynamics. • Earth oblateness (J2) perturbation — planned for implementation as the primary accuracy improvement for LEO propagation fidelity. • Atmospheric drag — sequenced after J2 validation so orbital decay can be validated against documented LEO behavior.

02

Development Status

The engine is in active development. The following physics systems are operational: • N-body gravitational propagation ✓ • Surface collision detection ✓ • Propulsion and mass dynamics ✓ • J2 perturbation — in progress • Atmospheric drag — planned Release target for the first institutional version: Q4 2026.

03

Rendering & Visualization

The engine uses OpenGL for real-time 3D rendering. Orbital paths, spacecraft orientation, ground tracks, and sensor coverage are rendered in a time-dynamic environment driven directly by the physics engine. The visualization pipeline shares the same propagation data used for analysis — visual output is a representation of calculated results, not an approximation.

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